There are many observational studies on the prevalence of hyperuricemia, however most of them were focused on specific populations such as children from a region of mainland China. Therefore, this does not only increase the cost of medical treatment for patients, but also increase the cost of treatment for hospitals. Elderly patients with hyperuricemia in China are at risk of gout attacks caused by iatric problems, which may bring about complications such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and a prolonged hospital stay. For example, the mean annual healthcare costs in Italy for hyperuricemic patients ranged from €2752 to €4607. In addition, higher uric acid concentration is associated with increased risk of hospitalization, chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease (CVD), which can result in higher total medical costs and hospitalisation costs per patient. For example, a higher prevalence is usually reported in the economically developed regions. The prevalence of hyperuricemia can be influenced by several factors, including genetics, gender, age, lifestyle, diet, medication and economic development. Among them, hyperuricemia has received increasing attention in recent decades because of its increasing global trends and risk of associated metabolic diseases. A disturbed state of purine metabolism can cause a variety of disorders, such as hyperuricemia, chronic gout, joint deformation and renal failure. There are about 600 mg uric acid that are produced every day, and another 600 mg uric acid are excreted, resulting in a balanced state. The body has ~ 1200 mg and ~ 600 mg total body pool of exchangeable uric acid in males and females, respectively. When uric acid increases to a certain threshold level in the human body, it is considered hyperuricemia. Uric acid is a terminal metabolite of human purine compounds, which is slightly soluble in water and easy to form crystals. High blood uric acid concentration, known as hyperuricemia, is the main risk factor for development of gout. Also, our study was the first comprehensive study to investigate the overall prevalence of hyperuricemia in mainland China covering the six different regions. Prevalence of hyperuricemia is increasing in China, and future studies should investigate the association between the prevalence of hyperuricemia and its risk factors in order to tackle the issue, particularly among the vulnerable groups. No publication of bias was observed as indicated by a symmetrical funnel plot and Begg and Mazumdar rank correlation ( P = 0.392). An increasing prevalence was reported since 2005–2009 until 2015–2019. Those living Northeast region and being males had the highest prevalence ( P 20%), particularly in males. Our subgroup analysis indicated that the pooled prevalence by regions ranged from 15.5 to 24.6%. The pooled prevalence of hyperuricemia among the general population in mainland China was 17.4% (95% CI: 15.8–19.1%). We included 108 eligible articles (172 studies by sex, 95 studies by regions, and 107 studies by study type) and an overall sample size of > 808,505 participants. All calculations were conducted using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software. Methodsįive electronic databases were used to search for relevant articles published until 2019. Therefore, we conducted an updated meta-analysis on the prevalence and geographical distribution of hyperuricemia among the general population in mainland China using systematic literature search. However, high blood uric acid concentration, known as hyperuricemia, is the main risk factor for development of gout. Fructose plays an important role in the complex metabolism of uric acid in the human body.
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